List of HVDC projects with marine infrastructure
Converter Stations |
installation |
(km) |
(MW) |
(kV DC) |
Current (A DC) |
Electrodes |
Material |
Operation |
|
Europe: | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Skagerrak 1&2 (SK1 &2) Norway-Denmark |
Tjele (DK) |
1977 |
One land electrode |
coke |
later converted to monopole |
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Skagerrak 3 (SK3) Norway-Denmark |
Tjele (DK) |
One land electrode (occasional use) |
coke |
Monopole |
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*Skagerrak 4 (SK4) Norway-Denmark |
Tjele (DK) |
operation with SK3 in bipolar mode |
|||||||
Gotland 1 Sweden |
Vestervik (mainland) |
Dismantled 1986 |
electrodes |
Monopole |
|||||
Gotland 2 and 3. Sweden |
Vastervik (mainland) |
1987 |
Bipolar mode |
||||||
Konti-Skan 1 Sweden- Denmark |
Vestor Hassing (DK) |
(Replaced 2006) |
electrodes |
coke |
Monopole |
||||
Konti-Skan 1 &2 Sweden- Denmark |
Vestor Hassing (DK) |
KS-1 upgraded in 2006 |
300 (KS-2) |
electrodes |
coke |
Bipolar mode |
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Baltic Cable Sweden-Germany |
Herrenwyk (DE) |
electrodes |
copper |
Monopole |
|||||
Fennoskan 1 Sweden-Finland |
Rauma (FI) |
electrodes |
copper |
Monopole |
|||||
Fennoskan 2 Sweden-Finland |
Rauma (FI) |
electrodes |
wire mesh |
Monopole |
|||||
Kontek Denmark-Germany |
Bentwisch (DE) |
electrodes |
copper |
Monopole |
|||||
Strebaelt HVDC Link Denmark |
Fraugde (Funen) |
1 metallic return cable Monopole |
|||||||
Swepol Sweden-Poland |
Slupsk (PL) |
1 metal return cable Monopole |
|||||||
Estlink Finland-Estonia |
Tallinn (EE) |
HVDC Light Bipolar mode |
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Valhall Norway |
Lista (mainland) |
HVDC Light Bipolar mode |
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Troll A 1 & 2 Norway |
(mainland) - Troll A platform |
HVDC Light Bipolar mode |
|||||||
*Troll A 3 & 4 Norway |
(mainland) - Troll A platform |
HVDC Light Bipolar mode |
|||||||
*DolWin 1 Germany |
Dörpen West (mainland) |
HVDC Light Bipolar mode |
|||||||
*DolWin 2 Germany |
Dörpen West (mainland) |
HVDC Light Bipolar mode |
|||||||
BorWin 1 Germany |
Diele (mainland) |
HVDC Light Bipolar mode |
|||||||
BorWin 2 Germany |
Veja Mate - Diele (mainland) |
HVDC Plus Bipolar mode |
|||||||
*Helwin 1 Germany |
Büttel (mainland) |
HVDC Plus Bipolar mode |
|||||||
*Helwin 2 Germany |
Büttel (mainland) |
HVDC Plus Bipolar mode |
|||||||
*SylWin 1 Germany |
Büttel (mainland) |
HVDC Plus Bipolar mode |
|||||||
SACOI Italy-France-Italy |
Corsica (F), Italian mainland |
1986, 1992 |
One land electrode |
Titanium, FeSiCr |
Monopole |
||||
SAPEI Italy |
(Sardinia) Latina (mainland) |
1 sea cathode |
Pole 1 (2008) Pole 2 (2010) Bipole |
||||||
Italy-Greece HVDC Link |
Arachthos (GR) |
electrodes |
copper |
Monopole |
|||||
*Italy-ALgeria HVDC Link |
El Hadjar (TN) |
electrodes? |
copper? |
Monopole |
|||||
*Italy-Tunisia HVDC Link Phase I |
El Hawaria (TN) |
electrodes |
copper? |
Monopole |
|||||
*Italy-Tunisia HVDC Link Phase II |
El Hawaria (TN) |
Bipolar mode |
|||||||
*Italy-Libya HVDC Link |
Mellitah (LY) |
Bipolar mode |
|||||||
*Italy-Malta HVDC Link |
Maghtab (MT) |
Bipolar mode |
|||||||
*Italy-Albania HVDC Link |
Babica (AL) |
electrodes? |
Monopole |
||||||
*Italy-Croatia HVDC Link |
Konjsko/Tivat (HR) |
electrodes? |
Monopole |
||||||
*Italy-Montenegro HVDC Link |
Kotor (ME) |
(2x500) |
Bipolar mode |
||||||
*Spain-Algeria HVDC Link |
Terga (DZ) |
Bipolar mode |
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Cross Channel UK - France |
Bipolar mode |
||||||||
East-West Interconnector United Kingdom-Ireland |
Woodland (IRL) |
HVDC Light Bipolar mode |
|||||||
*Western HVDC Link United Kingdom |
Connah's Quay (ENG) |
Bipolar mode |
|||||||
NorNed Link Norway-Netherlands |
Eemshaven (NL) |
Symmetric Monopole |
|||||||
COMETA Spain |
Mallorca - Morvedre (mainland) |
1 metallic return Bipole |
|||||||
*NorBalt Link Sweden to Lithuania |
Klaipeda (LT) |
HVDC Light Bipolar mode |
|||||||
*Shetland HVDC Link UK |
Port Gordon (mainland) |
HVDC Light or VSC Bipolar mode |
|||||||
*Åland HVDC Link Finland |
Nådendal (mainland) |
HVDC Light Bipolar mode |
|||||||
North Sea Interconnector UK-Norway |
Hylen (NO) |
Bipolar mode |
|||||||
BritNed Link UK-Netherlands |
Maasvlakte (NL) |
Bipolar mode |
|||||||
*VikingCable Norway-Germany Project Terminated 2001 ! |
Brunsbuttel (DE) |
1 metal return cable Monopole |
|||||||
*NORGER HVDC Link Norway-Germany |
Morrien (DE) |
1 metal return cable Bipolar mode |
|||||||
*NORD.Link Norway-Germany |
Diele or Brunsbüttel (DE) |
1 metal return cable Bipolar mode |
|||||||
*HVDC Norrway-UK Norway-UK |
Blyth (UK) |
1 metal return cable Bipolar mode |
|||||||
Moyle Interconnector United Kingdom |
Ballycronan More (NI) |
Monopole |
|||||||
North America: | |||||||||
Vancouver 1, 2 Canada |
Vancouver Is. |
1977 |
1 land electrode |
Mild steel/coke |
Bipolar mode |
||||
*Labrador-Newfoundland HVDC Link Canada |
Shoal Cove (NF) |
electrodes |
Bipolar mode |
||||||
*Newfoundland-Nova Scotia HVDC Link (Maritime Link) Canada |
Point Aconi (NS) |
Bipolar mode |
|||||||
Cross Sound USA |
New Haven (CT) |
HVDC Light Bipolar mode |
|||||||
Trans Bay HVDC Link USA |
Potrero (CA) |
HVDC Plus Bipolar mode |
|||||||
Neptune RTS HVDC Link USA |
New Cassel (NY) |
1 metallic return HVDC Plus Monopole |
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Asia: | |||||||||
Leyte-Luzon | Naga |
iron/coke |
1 spare Bipolar mode |
||||||
Haenam-Cheju | electrodes |
Bipolar mode |
|||||||
Hokkaido-Honshu Japan |
Honshu |
Bipolar mode |
|||||||
Kii-channel crossing | 2 return cables Bipolar mode |
||||||||
*Leyte Mindanao Philippines |
Kirahon |
1 beach electrode |
copper |
Monopole? |
|||||
*Dubai-Iran HVDC Link UAE-Iran |
? (IR) |
Bipole?? |
|||||||
*India-Sri Lanka HVDC Link India-Sri Lanka |
Anauradhapura (LK) |
Bipole?? |
|||||||
Australasia: | |||||||||
Basslink Australia |
Tasmania |
1 metal return Monopole |
|||||||
Inter Island New Zealand |
Benmore |
One land electrode |
Silicon iron/coke |
Bipolar mode |
|||||
Inter Island New Zealand |
Benmore |
(upgrade) |
-350 |
One land electrode |
Silicon iron/coke |
Bipolar mode |
© 2019 EnviroGulf Consulting
Table may be copied for educational and non-profit purposes and quoted as EnviroGulf Consulting. 2019. List of HVDC projects with marine infrastructure. A WWW publication at https://www.envirogulf.com/hvdc.html. EnviroGulf Consulting, Brisbane, Australia.
This webpage was last updated on 3 May 2016. Note: this webpage is currently being updated during January 2019..
For amendments or additions to the above table, please contact EnviroGulf Consulting.